Network Security

🛑 ARP Spoofing (Also known as ARP Poisoning)ARP Spoofing is a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack technique used by attackers on a local network to intercept, modify, or redirect traffic between two devices. It exploits the weaknesses in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP), which is used to map IP addresses to MAC addresses on LANs. 🧠 How ARP Works (Briefly)Devices on a LAN use ARP to find the MAC address corresponding to an IP address. For example, a device will send an ARP request like: "Who has IP 192.168.1.1? Tell 192.168.1.100" The router (192.168.1.1) replies with its MAC address, and this is stored in the device’s ARP table. ⚠️ ARP Spoofing Attack Steps (Explained)…

🧰 NetScanTools Pro 2003 – A Network Investigation PowerhouseNetScanTools Pro 2003 is a powerful and versatile network utility suite developed by Northwest Performance Software, Inc. It was designed primarily for IT professionals, system administrators, and cybersecurity analysts to perform network diagnostics, reconnaissance, and troubleshooting on Windows platforms. Although released in 2003, the tool offered a wide range of features that made it a go-to utility suite for Windows-based network analysis at the time. 🧭 What is NetScanTools Pro?NetScanTools Pro is a standalone software toolkit containing over 40 individual tools that focus on information gathering, testing …

🔁 TCP Three-Way Handshake (Explained)The TCP three-way handshake is the process used to establish a reliable connection between a client and a server over the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). It ensures both sides are ready to communicate and agree on starting parameters like sequence numbers. 🔐 Why It's Important:Ensures both client and server are ready for communication. Helps synchronize sequence numbers for reliable data transfer. Prevents half-open or unreliable connections. 🧱 Steps of the Three-Way Handshake1. SYN (Synchronize) — Client → ServerThe client wants to start a connection. It sends a SYN packet to the server. This packet contains an initial sequence n…

🔍 Understanding Port Scanning TechniquesPort scanning is one of the most widely used reconnaissance techniques in ethical hacking and cybersecurity. It is used to identify open ports and services on a target system, giving attackers or security professionals insights into potential vulnerabilities. When a computer or server is connected to the internet or a local network, it runs various services (like web servers, email servers, or file transfer tools). Each service typically listens for requests on a specific port—for example, HTTP on port 80, HTTPS on port 443, FTP on port 21, and so on. 🧠 Why Port Scanning MattersAttackers use port scanning to find weak points in a sy…

🔒 What Is a Firewall? How It Protects Your Computer and Network (Easy Guide)Have you ever heard the word firewall and wondered what it means? Don’t worry. In this post, we will explain what a firewall is, how it works, and why it is important — using very simple English. ✅ What Is a Firewall?A firewall is like a security guard for your computer or network. If the traffic is safe, it lets it through. If the traffic is dangerous or unknown, it blocks it. So, the firewall helps to protect your device from: Hackers Viruses Spyware Unwanted connections 🛡️ Example to UnderstandLet’s say your computer is a house, and the internet is the road. The firewall is like a gate at your…